Modular Gasoline Engine Family Delivers Performance, Flexibility

“We have developed a global powertrain strategy that builds off the success of our modular V-8 engine family. The new I-4 engine is an example of what we can accomplish by drawing on the capabilities of our engineering and production teams worldwide.”
— Dan Kapp, Chief Engineer, Powertrain Operations

• Ford Motor Company’s engine strategy is built around modern, modular architectures that can be adapted to many needs.
• Ford introduced this concept with the modular V-8 engine family, which includes 4.6-liter and 5.4-liter variants, as well as a 6.8-liter V-10 derivative.
• The newest member of Ford’s modular Triton^™ V-8 truck engines is the 3-valve 5.4-liter, which will first appear in the all-new 2004 Ford F-150 pickup.
• Ford has adopted this modular approach in the modern I-4 engine, introduced to North America in the 2002 Ford Ranger pickup and soon to power a new PZEV Ford Focus.
• Ford will introduce a new V-6 engine during this decade to round out its modular family.

Ford Motor Company continues to prove the value of its modular approach to engine design with a new modular V-8 that will give the next-generation Ford F-150 a class-leading combination of power, fuel efficiency and refinement. The 5.4-liter, 3-valve Triton V-8 represents the latest example of how Ford engineers are able to adapt a single basic engine architecture to achieve customer-driven results, with design and manufacturing efficiencies.

2003 Lincoln Aviator

This versatility is illustrated by the fact Ford Motor Company built 1.3 million modular V-8 engines in the 2001 calendar year. The modular V-8 engine family offers three basic engine displacements:

• 4.6-liter (281 cubic inch) V-8, with 90.2 mm stroke and 90.2 mm bore.
• 5.4-liter (330 cubic inch) V-8, with 90.2 mm stroke and 105.8 mm bore.
• 6.8-liter (415 cubic inch) V-10 with 90.2 mm stroke and 105.8 mm bore.

From these basic architectures, Ford Motor Company vehicle development teams have been able to craft a wide variety of engines, including the single-overhead cam Triton lineup for trucks and sport utilities, with a supercharged version for F-150 Lightning and Harley F-150 models. Plus, there are dual-overhead cam V-8 engines for performance applications including the SVT Mustang Cobra, new Lincoln Aviator and the upcoming Ford GT. The 5.4-liter Triton engine has been named by Ward's Auto World as a “10 Best” Engine for six consecutive years. It powers the Ford F-150, Excursion and E-Series vans, and supplies the block architecture of the Lincoln Navigator and high-performance Lightning and Harley trucks. The 4.6-liter Triton engine powers the Ford F-150, E-150, Expedition, Explorer, and Mercury Mountaineer. The 4.6-liter engine also is adapted to power the Mustang Cobra and Mustang GT, Ford Crown Victoria, Mercury Grand Marquis and Lincoln Town Car. The 6.8-liter Triton V-10 is available in Ford F-Series Super Duty trucks and the Ford Excursion, as well as E-350 models. The 300 Club
Ford’s modular engine family also has given birth to a brash new generation of high-performance engines, loosely termed “the 300 Club” for their ability to produce at least 300 horsepower. These include the 4-valve 5.4-liter Lincoln Navigator, the new 3-valve 2003 F-150, and the supercharged Lightning and Harley-Davidson F-150 models. In the 4.6-liter displacement class, the new 4-valve Lincoln Aviator, Mercury Marauder, Ford Mustang Mach 1 and the supercharged Ford Mustang Cobra all exceed 300 horsepower. In addition, Jaguar’s new 4.2-liter AJ-V8 exceeds 300 hp, and the supercharged 4.2-liter AJ-V8 reaches 400 horsepower. Lincoln V-8 engines enhance the driving experience
The Lincoln Navigator uses a dual-overhead-cam InTech version of the 5.4-liter engine, producing 300 hp at 5,000 rpm and 355 ft.-lb. of torque at 2,650 rpm. The new Lincoln Aviator sport utility uses an all-aluminum, double-overhead cam 4.6-liter InTech engine that produces 302 hp at 5,750 rpm, with 300 ft.-lb. of torque at 3,250 rpm. Both have four valves per cylinder, and deep-skirted block design for refinement.

The 3.9-liter Jaguar AJ-V8 engine powers the 280-hp Ford Thunderbird and Lincoln LS, both of which add variable-cam timing for 2003.

Aviator offers best-in-class torque range – 95 percent of peak torque is available from 2,250-5,400 rpm, more than twice the range of the BMW X5 4.4 (2,950-4,400 rpm) and almost three times the Lexus LX470 full-size SUV (2,800-3,950 rpm). This contributes to Aviator’s class-leading tow ratings of up to 7,300 pounds. Additionally, a 3.9-liter overhead-cam V-8 engine, with four valves per cylinder, is offered in the Lincoln LS and Ford Thunderbird. New for 2003, the LS version offers 280 horsepower and 286 foot-pounds of torque, for smooth peak power and excellent midrange torque. Its intake has been revised for a Lincoln-specific sound quality, and variable-valve timing has increased the engine’s output. The LS 3.9-liter DOHC V-8 engine, which now incorporates variable intake valve timing, produces 28 more horsepower for a total of 280 hp, and 21 ft.-lbs. more torque for a total of 286 ft.-lbs. Some 250 ft.-lbs. of torque is available at only 2,000 rpm. Lincoln uses a two-valve variation of the 4.6-liter modular engine, built to specifications of the vehicle team, to power the Lincoln Town Car. Larger displacement engines bolster Jaguar’s AJ-V8 family
Jaguar produces a family of AJ-V8 engines, to power its lineup of sport sedans and coupes. These engines produce class-leading power and refinement, and include normally aspirated and supercharged versions. Two new AJ-V8 engines are available in naturally aspirated and supercharged guises, now with larger 4.2-litre capacity (previously 4.0-litre). They offer:

• More power and more torque – 300 hp and 310 ft.-lbs. for the XK8, with 400 hp and 408 ft.-lbs. for the supercharged XKR.
• The XKR coupe reaches 60 mph from standstill in 5.2 seconds, with the XK8 taking 6.1 seconds. Maximum speed on all XK models remains electronically limited to 155 mph (250km/h).

The AJ-V8 engine was Jaguar’s first ever V-8, and only the fourth series production engine type in the company’s history. Following the classic twin-cam in-line sixes, the ground-breaking V-12s and second-generation all-alloy 24-valve AJ6 sixes, the engine made its public debut in 1996 in the XK8. In 1998, the new XKR adopted Jaguar’s first supercharged production V-8. The new 4.2-litre V8 engines mark the first major change from the original AJ-V8. Like the 4.0-litre engine, the new AJ34 will be built at the Bridgend Engine Plant in Wales. The new 300 bhp 4.2 litre AJ-V8 engine, with four overhead cams and 32 valves, develops seven percent more power and eight percent more torque than the previous 4.0 liter power unit. This benefits drivability, refinement and performance throughout the rev range. At the same time fuel economy and emissions are also improved. The new 400-horsepower S-TYPE R brings a supercharged engine to the S-TYPE’s sports sedan series for the first time — the most powerful series production engine ever produced by Jaguar. Joining the acclaimed Jaguar XJR and XKR, the S-TYPE R brings the number of current supercharged Jaguar models to three. The naturally aspirated version of the new 4.2-litre engine offers increased levels of performance over the previous 4.0-litre engine. Both new engines were developed at Jaguar's Whitley Engineering Center (Coventry, England). The new 4.2-litre naturally aspirated AJ-V8 develops 300 horsepower at 6,000 rpm, an increase of 7 percent on the 4.0 liter AJ-V8 it replaces. Torque also improves throughout the rev range and now peaks almost 8 percent higher: 310 ft.-lbs. at 4,100 rpm. The rotor-type Eaton supercharger used on the S-TYPE R features two industry firsts on a production car supercharger – helical rotor gears for low noise, and coated rotors for increased efficiency. These innovations have contributed to a supercharger speed five percent greater than that of the supercharger in the 4.0-litre engine, further benefiting efficiency. V-6 Engines

V-6 lineup offers economy, performance
Ford Motor Company will introduce a modern new V-6 engine late this decade that will have applications in a wide variety of automotive products. Ford’s existing family of V-6 engines, including the Duratec and Vulcan lines, powers a broad range of vehicles, including popular sedans such as the Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable, versatile vans such as the Ford Windstar, E-Series and Mercury Villager, the hard-working Ford Ranger and F-150 pickups, the Ford Explorer, Explorer Sport Trac and Escape sport utilities.

The Ford Freestyle, to be introduced in 2004, will feature a revised Duratec V-6 engine and CVT transmission.

In sportier trim, it powers performance-oriented vehicles such as the Ford Mustang, Lincoln LS and Jaguar sport sedans. Both Lincoln and Jaguar have enhanced V-6 engine power, performance and economy for 2003. Duratec engines include:

• 2.5-liter, 60-degree overhead-cam, with four valves per cylinder, producing 170 hp and 165 ft-lb torque.
• 3.0-liter, 60-degree overhead-cam, with four valves per cylinder, producing 200 hp and 200 ft.-lb. of torque.

Vulcan engines include:

• 3.0-liter 60-degree overhead-valve, with hydraulic lifters and two valves per cylinder, producing 155 hp and 186 ft-lb of torque.
• 3.8-liter 90-degree overhead-valve, with hydraulic roller tappets and two valves per cylinder, producing 193 hp and 225 ft-lb of torque.

Lincoln adds V-6 power, performance for 2003
Lincoln has refined its 3.0-liter V-6 LS powertrain for 2003, for enhanced performance. The 3.0-liter V-6 now produces 232 horsepower and 220 foot-pounds of torque – an increase of 12 horsepower and five foot-pounds on a significantly broader torque curve. Continuously variable intake cam timing, improved variable-length intake runners and electronic throttle control are the primary new features. The Lincoln LS V-6 ranks among the most powerful normally aspirated regular production 3.0-liter engines in the world. Electronic “drive-by-wire” throttle control, complete with throttle pedal position sensor and an electronic control algorithm, replaces the traditional cable system for smooth and accurate power delivery. Fuel economy also is improved.

Jaguar adds 2.0-litre AJ-V6 in Europe
New this year, the entry-level Jaguar X-TYPE offers a 2.0-litre 24-valve, four-cam AJ- V6 engine, with a capacity of 2099cc, derived from the same AJ-V6 family which powers the 2.5- and 3-litre X-TYPE and 3-litre S-TYPE in Europe. The X-TYPE 2.0-litre V-6 engine is nearly identical to the 2.5-litre unit, having the same bore (81.6 mm) but a shorter stroke (66.8 as opposed to 79.5 mm). The water-cooled, 60-degree V-6 engine has a forged steel crankshaft with four main bearings, two overhead chain-driven cast iron camshafts per bank, and four valves per cylinder, activated via direct-acting, mechanical bucket tappets. The top speed of the X-TYPE 2.0-litre V6 is 130 mph (210km/h) with the standard five-speed manual transmission and 127mph (207km/h) with the optional five-speed automatic transmission, with 0-60 mph in 8.9 seconds (manual) and 10.4 seconds (automatic). The extension of the X-TYPE model line continues Jaguar's product-led transformation, which began with the launch of the S-TYPE in 1999. With its combination of affordability and desirability, X-TYPE 2 litre V-6 is expected to increase significantly Jaguar's share of the compact premium sports saloon segment. The principle markets for the X-TYPE 2 litre V-6 are the UK and Continental Europe, together accounting for some 50 percent of expected worldwide sales. Global I-4 engine offers up to 100 variants
Ford Motor Company’s new global family of four-cylinder engines offers an industry-leading combination of performance, smooth operation, fuel economy and reduced emissions. The new 16-valve I-4 engine offers displacements from 1.8 liters up to 2.3 liters using different bore and stroke combinations, with potential for up to 100 different derivatives. As a measure of its global significance, the new I-4 engine will be built in four plants on three continents. As an example of the new engine’s flexibility, a variety of Ford and Mazda brand vehicles currently offer or will offer the new engine in both “east-west” and “north-south” configurations for front- and rear-drive applications, including:

• The new PZEV Focus, to be introduced in 2003 in California, with a 2.3-liter engine.
• The restyled Mazda MPV minivan and the all-new Mazda6 midsize sedan, sold in three displacements: 1.8-liter, 2.0-liter and an advanced 2.3-liter with Mazda's Sequential Valve Timing (S-VT), which improves performance efficiency.
• The Ford Mondeo in Europe with 1.8- and 2.0-liter versions.
• The Ford Ranger pickup with a 2.3-liter variant.
• Many more products set to be introduced around the world over the next few years, such as Ford Escape Hybrid (HEV) to debut in late 2003.

V-10 and V-12 engines

The largest engines in Ford Motor Company’s gasoline-powered lineup include a V-10 designed for trucks and commercial applications, and a V-12 engine that is all about performance in one of the world’s most exclusive vehicles. 6.8-liter Triton V-10 powers Super Duty trucks
For 2003, the 6.8L SOHC Triton V-10, available in F-Series Super Duty, Excursion, E-350 and commercial vehicles, continues to produce 310 horsepower and 425 foot-pounds of torque. It is now available in F-550 with a six-speed manual as well as an automatic transmission. This V-10, with 90-degree cast iron block, represents the upper extension of Ford’s modular family, with the same bore and stroke as the 5.4-liter Triton, but with two additional cylinders. Like the other Triton engines, it uses single overhead cams, with two valves per cylinder, and runs on regular unleaded gasoline. Aston Martin V-12 brings Formula One technology to the street

Aston Martin's 460-horsepower, 48-valve, all-alloy V-12 engine is the first of a totally new generation of advanced technology Aston Martin power units. It incorporates Formula One technology and has been designed in close co-operation with the Ford Research and Vehicle Technology Group and Cosworth Technology as part of a long-term program to develop new designs, materials and manufacturing techniques. Employing the world's most advanced manufacturing techniques, the lightweight aluminum alloy castings for the cylinder block and heads are produced in Cosworth Technology's limited production foundry, which is also responsible for casting the Ford Cosworth V-10 CRI Formula One and turbocharged Indycar V8 engines. The 60-degree V-12 Aston Martin engine, which is designed to operate at a maximum speed of 7,000 rpm, features four valves per cylinder, twin overhead camshafts for each bank of cylinders. Performance Group leads Ford into the fast lane
Ford’s new Performance Group combines the strengths of Ford’s Special Vehicle Team (SVT), Ford Racing Technology and the company’s Vehicle Personalization organization to build on the company’s leadership in factory-tuned performance. SVT celebrated a milestone this year by producing its 100,000th vehicle. This milestone in conjunction with its 10th year of vehicle production in 2003 puts SVT in the lead of the high-performance vehicle race. The newest member of Ford’s performance family is the Ford GT, which was unveiled at the 2002 North American International Auto Show as the GT40 concept vehicle. The powerplant of the new Ford GT is a supercharged 5.4-liter V-8 from Ford's modular engine family, producing more than 500 horsepower and 500 foot-pounds of torque. These figures match or exceed those of the most powerful period GT40, a car that could handily top 200 mph on the Mulsanne straight at Le Mans. 11/5/2002

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