Ford Motor Credit Company reported a pre-tax profit of $1.8 billion in 2013, compared with $1.7 billion a year earlier. The improvement was more than explained by higher volume, primarily in North America, driven by an increase in leasing reflecting changes in Ford’s marketing programs, as well as higher non-consumer finance receivables due to higher dealer stocks. Partial offsets were higher credit losses due to lower credit loss reserve reductions in all geographic segments and unfavorable residual performance related to lower than expected auction values in North America. Ford Credit’s net income was $1.5 billion in 2013, compared with $1.2 billion in the previous year.